Fifth task B

Select one exercise from each of the following list of topics and solve them in your blog by providing a detailed explanation of your answer. Please, include the prompt (instruction), the passage and your explained answer. 

TOPICS: 

• Underlying assumptions

I think that the first line in the paragraph stated above: "Children are costing parents more" is the underlying assumption because the person who wrote this paragraph believes in something that he or she personally thinks. It might or might not be true, however he or she is giving his own belief from what he or she has experienced. The writer has provided some arguments to his assumption that children cost a lot. The examples provided are pretty clear and try to persuade even if I do not think the same as he or she does. 

• Implicit assumptions used as reasons 

I believe that the last 3 lines form the conclusion of the paragraph. 

The implicit assumptions used as reasons to support the conclusion are: 

1. That people were more organic because they used resources from the nature to cure themselves.
2. That plants were used as a method to cure illness.
3. The pharmaceutical industry often use plants as the basis for the medicines.
4. Medicines are expensive to produce. 
5. Medicinces are expensive to purchase. 

• False premises 

The above argument is based on a false premise because the writer of that statement believes that the quality of the programmes that are produced will improve by adding more channels on digital television. The fact that more channels are going to be added doesn't mean that the quality of them is going to improve.  Increasing the number of channels give us lots of variety about what to see, that is a real fact but it doesn't necessarily means that the quality of those are going to improve. There are many different kind of programmes that can be added (children, animals, tv shows, movies, adult programmes) but who will assure that there is going to be a better quality? 

• Implicit arguments

In the above example, the implicit argument is that the person who wrote this statement believes that the candidate is a hero and has done things that most candidates don't do like stealing from the nation or making electoral promises about taxes. This person believes on everything the candidate says even if he is lying. The person has already been persuaded by the candidate and now he believes in everything the candidate is saying. 

Here we can see that has been an appearance of attempting to persuade. The purpose of the candidate was to put an idea into this writer's head without appearing to do so. 

• Stereotypes

In the stereotype number 1 there has been a continuous belief that pink color always represents girls but we cannot just believe that because the blue or purple color can represent a girl too. Not only the pink one.

In the stereotype number 3 has been an assumption that all the British people eat roast beef only but that is not true at all.  

In the stereotype number 4 those people believe on the concept that all the people who have red hair are angry which is not true. 

In the stereotype number 6 the judgement of football fans being trouble in the game. 

In the stereotype number 8 the fact that people retire and get old doesn't mean that the interest of being involved in fashion or computer fades out. 

• Assuming causal links 

In the example above, life expectancy is getting higher same as obesity is a fact but it doesn't mean that obesity must increase in life expectancy. I mean, it is only women who can give birth instead of men and in the example there are no diagrams or numbers that can prove that women are more obese than men. That means that obesity has nothing to do with life expectancy because men can be more obese than women but they do not procreate. 

• Identifying the nature of the link 

In the example above, there is not link between the reason and the conclusion. There exist a correlation among the three scientists about having long hair which let us know that there is a coincidental pattern only. In conclusion, having long hair doesn't mean that someone is going to be a great scientist. 

• False analogies

The analogy of the example above is the comparison between an argument and the premises. This comparison is valid.